Free Essays on Multcultural Education

America has for some time been called â€Å"The Melting Pot† because of the way that it is comprised of a shifted blend of races, societies and ethnicities. As an ever increasing number of migrants come to America looking for a superior life, the populace normally turns out to be progressively different. This has, thus, spun an incredible discussion over multiculturalism. A portion of the issues enduring an onslaught are who is profiting by multicultural training, and how to best present the material in a manner in order to outrage minimal measure of individuals. There are numerous varieties to these subjects as will be talked about later in this paper. During the 1930s, a few instructors called for projects of social assorted variety that empowered ethnic and minority understudies to contemplate their individual legacies. This is definitely not a straightforward accomplishment because of the way that there is a lot of decent variety inside individual societies. â€Å"A take a gander at the 1990 statistics shows that the American populace has changed more perceptibly over the most recent ten years than in some other time in the twentieth century, with one out of each four Americans distinguishing themselves as dark, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian,† (Gould, 1995, p.198). The quantity of remote conceived occupants likewise arrived at an unequaled high of twenty million, effectively passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. A great many people, from instructors to rationalists, concur that a significant initial phase in effectively joining various societies is to build up a comprehension of every others foundation. Be that as it may, the likenesses stop there. One issue is in characterizing the term â€Å"multiculturalism†. At the point when it is taken a gander at essentially as importance the presence of a socially incorporated society, numerous individuals have no issues. Nonetheless, when you go past that and attempt to recommend an alternate method of showing up at that socially coordinated society, everybody appears to have an alternate feeling on what will work. In 1980, Stanford University thought of a program †later known as the â€Å"Stanford-style multicultu... Free Essays on Multcultural Education Free Essays on Multcultural Education America has for quite some time been called â€Å"The Melting Pot† because of the way that it is comprised of a fluctuated blend of races, societies and ethnicities. As an ever increasing number of migrants come to America looking for a superior life, the populace normally turns out to be progressively different. This has, thusly, spun an extraordinary discussion over multiculturalism. A portion of the issues enduring an onslaught are who is profiting by multicultural instruction, and how to best present the material in a manner in order to outrage minimal measure of individuals. There are numerous varieties to these topics as will be talked about later in this paper. During the 1930s, a few teachers called for projects of social decent variety that empowered ethnic and minority understudies to contemplate their individual legacies. This is certainly not a basic accomplishment because of the way that there is a lot of decent variety inside individual societies. â€Å"A take a gander at the 1990 enumeration shows that the American populace has changed more observably over the most recent ten years than in some other time in the twentieth century, with one out of each four Americans recognizing themselves as dark, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian,† (Gould, 1995, p.198). The quantity of outside conceived occupants likewise arrived at an unsurpassed high of twenty million, effectively passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. The vast majority, from teachers to logicians, concur that a significant initial phase in effectively joining various societies is to build up a comprehension of every others foundation. Be that as i t may, the similitudes stop there. One issue is in characterizing the term â€Å"multiculturalism†. At the point when it is taken a gander at just as significance the presence of a socially coordinated society, numerous individuals have no issues. Notwithstanding, when you go past that and attempt to propose an alternate method of showing up at that socially incorporated society, everybody appears to have an alternate conclusion on what will work. In 1980, Stanford University concocted a program †later known as the â€Å"Stanford-style multicultu...

Pattern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Example - Essay Example That estimation is should have been thought of so it will make the like. There are loads of methods and methodology on the best way to have a careful work of putting design on a texture. Example fills in as the disintegrate for a total figure of the arranged dress in a texture. Planning to Draft the example on a texture isn't a simple activity. Since textures are not hard enough to hold the imprints that a sewer will do. We use to plan an example on a texture by first creation a draft from a paper, the realized draft can be delivered. From this draft an example will taken from which the fabric will be cut. In which the paper ought to be solid, firm and white or light, hued if pencil or graphite is to be utilized. In the event that tailors chalk is to be utilized, a dim paper or harsh surface is best. A figuring out instrument or ‘set square’ is additionally fundamental, generally made of box-wood with metal finishes. It is progressively helpful to utilize on the off chance that one side of the square is around 60 cm long and the other shorter, around 30 cm long. It ought to be separated in centimeters on the two sides with zero at the point. To begin making the example on a texture, first lay the texture with solid closures and corners so the imprints will be made on its correct plane or position. To begin drafting the example this is the strategy that First, mark a point on the paper on the upper right-hand corner about 10cm from the edges and the top ring it so O with a speck in the circle. Simply ensure the â€Å"squaring† is exact and the estimations are applied with care. Keep the drawing slick and clean. It will be discovered that very soon the drafting technique will turn out to be very simple. At the point when the draft is finished an example must be produced using which the material will be cut. The guideline of example slicing is to copy of the draft on to another bit of paper, yet rather than an indistinguishable duplicate it is made in isolated pieces as per what number of parts the articles of clothing substance. The draft

Writing a Boston College Essay - Top Essay Samples and Ideas

Writing a Boston College Essay - Top Essay Samples and IdeasWriting a Boston College essay is not a simple thing to do and if you are a college student it can be stressful. There are too many choices for college writing services and most college students will find themselves overwhelmed with all the things they need to write about.Boston College is a private university that specializes in undergraduate education. It is a school of liberal arts and offers programs ranging from liberal arts to specialized programs and has been awarded numerous awards for research and teaching excellence.A liberal arts program in college is different from an accelerated or degree-oriented program. A liberal arts program is the sum total of the various programs offered at Boston College and most students will concentrate on a particular area of study. There are many options when it comes to choosing a specific area of study, one of the most popular areas is the music department.The department of music is one of the largest departments at Boston College and it is interesting to note that it has long been recognized as being one of the most valuable programs in the college. This department also boasts of great research facilities that help students in their studies.In addition to the music department the department also includes other departments such as visual arts, theater, film, fine arts, radio and television, publishing, and more. These departments are important for undergraduate college students and it is important to note that not all of these departments are offered in every campus.Also, unlike most schools focus on a single area of study, Boston College focuses on several different types of courses. For instance, one of the most popular courses at this school is Communication which is offered in many different formats including, English language, history, literature, mathematics, psychology, political science, and others.Boston College essay samples are a good way to start a new and exciting career for students looking to pursue a degree in this field. They are a source of inspiration and are a great place to begin when looking for essay topics and themes.Writing a Boston College essay should not be a stressful thing to do but it does take time to complete it. There are many different forms and styles to choose from and there are many places to find them as well.

Development Of Artificial Minerals And Its Effects

Development of Artificial Minerals From the start of civilization, man has demonstrated intriguing interest in natural crystals including gems (Kesler Simon, 2015). Later, man used natural minerals such as mica, diamond, corundum, and quartz for different applications including cutting abrasion, and electrical appliances among others (Kogel, 2006). During the Second World War, the demand for natural minerals in technical applications increased significantly and endangered the supply. However, this situation alongside technological advancements had a positive impact because it led to the birth of synthetic crystals (Goodman, 2013). In the synthetic crystal industry, the disciplines of geology, physics, chemistry, ceramics, and metallurgy merge to enable man create a wide variety of synthetic minerals (Degryse Elsen, 2003). Over the years, scientists have used different methods to develop synthetic minerals. The development of artificial minerals has many benefits as discussed in this report. Artificial minerals are minerals made in the laboratory (Jayaraman, 2000). Despite being artificial, these minerals have the same chemical, optical, and physical features associated with natural minerals (Degryse Elsen, 2003). Even though large scale manufacture of synthetic minerals started after the Second World War, the practice traces its history to the late 1800s when synthetic ruby was first produced (Weldon, 2016). Different man-made minerals have use in communications, laserShow MoreRelatedZinc And Omega-3 Supplements As Adjunctive Drugs In The Treatment Of Adhd Case Study932 Words   |  4 PagesStudy explained the effect of zinc and omega-3 supplements as adjunctive drugs in the treatment of ADHD. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial conducted on 150 children between the 6-15 years for the period of 8 weeks. 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Power Up Plc - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3086 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Capital Appraisal of Power Generating Alternatives Introduction Power Up Plc is planning to set up a new power plant. The company has three options to choose from – gas power, nuclear energy or renewable energy power plant. This report analyses the financial viability of the three options by using the net present value method. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Power Up Plc" essay for you Create order The net present value is one of the most scientific methods for capital appraisals as it discounts the future cash flows. The results from the net present value method are also compared with three other capital appraisal methods – discounted payback period, accounting rate of return and internal rate of return methods. All calculations are based on the data provided in the case. The capital appraisal methods are based on projected cash flows and discount rates and hence any changes in their values can have a significant impact on the value of a project. The report also discusses other information that would help in finalising one of the options as a preferred one. Capital Appraisal The net present value is one of the preferred capital appraisal methods as it gives the absolute net value of a project to a company. The net present value method discounts the future cash flows of an investment by its discount rate. The discount rate is based on the risk of the project and gearing ratio. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the expected return on equity is given by the following formula (McLaney, 2009, p. 199). Expected return on equity = Risk-free return + Beta*(Market return – risk-free return) The gilts (T-bills) have the lowest risk as it is backed by the government and is as good as risk-free. The return on gilts is taken as the risk-free return. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is given by the following formula (Brealey Myers, 2003, p. 389). WACC = Rd*(1-T)*(D)/(D+E) + Re*(E/D+E) Where Rd = Return on debt T = Taxation rate Re = Return on equity D = Value of debt E = Value of equity D/(D+E) is the gearing ra tio of a company. The expected return on equity and WACC calculations for the three options are shown in the table I. They are based on the data provided. Table I – Cost of equity and WACC The cost of equity is highest for the nuclear power plant because of its high beta. Even though the WACC of nuclear and renewable energy options are more than that of the gas plant option the differences are significantly less as compared to the differences in cost of equity. The high equity costs of the nuclear and renewable energy options are countered by their high gearing which limits the increase in the WACC due to lower cost of debt and tax deductibility of interest rates. The net present value calculations for the three options are based on the following common assumptions: The power plant starts operations at the beginning of the 4th year. The direct, and licensing and ancillary revenues are increased annually by the rate of inflation. As an example, the revenues in the 4th year are calculated by compounding four times the current revenue estimates with the annual inflation rate. All yearly clean-up costs are also increased by the annual inflation rates to take into account the likely increase in costs over years. The depreciation is taken into account from the first year to spread the total cost of the project over the 25 years period. It is assumed that the company will raise the full cost of loan in the first year itself and hence the interest costs are assumed from the first year itself. The annual interest costs calculated by multiplying the total building cost and debt rate are more than the annual interest costs given in the case for the gas power and renewable energy plants. The annual interest costs given in the case are used for the net present value calculations assuming that the company will use debt less than 100% of the building cost in these options. The annual capital allowance is 10% of the total building cost of the power plant. The capital allowance is used from the 4th year onwards when power plant starts operations. The appendix I and II shows the profit and loss, and net present value calculations of the gas power plant option. The actual tax is calculated on the basis of the capital allowance as accounting depreciation is not recognised by the taxation authorities for income deductibility. The net cash flows in the appendix II are discounted by the WACC (10.72%) of the gas power plant option. The net present value of the gas power plant is  £1,636 million. The positive net present value of the power plant indicates that the firms value will increase by this amount if the project is run successfully over 25 years as per the projections. The appendix III and IV shows the profit and loss, and net present value calculations of the nuclear power plant option. The WACC used for discounting the nuclear power plant cash flows is 12.10%. Even though the cost of equity for the nuclear power plant option is significantly higher than the equity for the gas power plant, the increase in the WAC C is limited by the higher gearing of the nuclear power plant. The net present value of the nuclear power plant is  £1,062 million. This is  £574 million lower than the net present value of the gas power plant. Even though the nuclear power plant adds value to the firm, the gain is significantly lower than in the gas power plant. Hence the gas power plant is favoured over the nuclear power plant in the net present value capital appraisal method. The appendix V and VI shows the profit and loss, and net present value calculations of the renewable energy plant option. The net cash flows in the appendix VI are discounted by the WACC of 11.05%. The net present value of the renewable energy power plant is  £1,052 million. This is similar to the net present value of the nuclear power plant but significantly lower than the gas power plant. The gas power plant has the highest net present value among the three options and hence it is the preferred option under the net present value option. But the projections are based on a number of assumptions and these should be thoroughly checked before finalising the option. As an example, the net present value relies on the cost of capital which may not be simple to calculate in situations like varying inflation rates (Howe, 1992, p. 34). The net present value is one of preferred capital appraisal methods as it gives the absolute value addition by a project. But there are other methods also which are less complex and need lesser calculations. They are used by managements for quick assessment of investments. The three other capital appraisal methods used for evaluating the power plant options are discounted payback period, accounting rate of return and internal rate of return. The discounted payback period method calculates the period in which the cumulative discounted future cash inflows equal the discounted initial investment. Some companies use payback period method but the discounted payback period m ethod is better than the payback period method as it discounts the future cash flows. If the cumulative discounted cash flows of the proposed investment turn positive in the year ‘n, then the discounted payback period is given by the following formula. . Discounted payback period = (n-1) years + (-Cumulative cash shortfall at the end of (n-1) year) / (Net cash flows in the year n) Discounted payback period gives a quick assessment of the time when a company will receive back the cash invested in a project. But the discounted payback period method ignores all cash flows after the cut-off date (Brealey Myers, 2000, pg. 97). Ignoring cash flows after the discounted payback year may result in opting for an option that would add lower value to the shareholders. Accounting rate of return is the ratio of the average accounting profit over the duration of a project to the average investment. Average investment is calculated as the average of the initial investment and f inal value of investment at the end of the project. As the full value of all three power plants is depreciated by the end of the project, the final value of the investment is 0. The internal rate of return gives the discounting rate at which the net present value is 0. It gives a quick measure of the return rate as compared to the cost of capital. Also it gives a measure of how much cost of capital can change before the project value becomes 0. But it has its limitations too as it does not take into account the scale of investment (Chang Swales, 1999, p.133). The appendix VII shows the gas power plant values in the above mentioned three capital appraisal methods. The investment in the gas power plant will be recovered in 5.84 years. As the period is less than the project life, the project is approved under the discounted payback period method. The option also has a very high accounting rate of return of 93.71%. The internal rate of return for the gas power plant is 33.77 % which indicates that the cost of capital can increase substantially before the net present value of the project will become 0. The appendix VIII shows the capital appraisal values of the nuclear power plant. The investment in the nuclear power plant will be recovered in 13.22 years, lower than the life of the project but higher than the gas plant. The accounting rate of return and internal rate of return are 18.72% and 16.25% respectively. The lower internal rate of return indicates that there is little scope for the cost of capital to increase before the net present value of the project will become 0. The appendix IX shows the results of the three capital appraisal methods for the renewable energy option. The results are similar to that of the nuclear power option with even lower safety of margin in the internal rate of return. The results of three capital appraisal methods also favour the gas power plant followed by the nuclear and renewable energy plants. The e xternal consultant has highlighted the varying degrees of risks associated with three alternatives. Nuclear power plants are regarded as higher risk than a gas or a renewable energy plant due to the potential losses if things go wrong. Any leakage or explosion in a nuclear plant can release hazardous radioactive particles that can cause severe damage to human lives and environment. The damage in a gas power plant explosion is likely to be less severe and even lower in a renewable energy option. But the risk factor is not extremely high in nuclear power plants as demonstrated by the successful operation of a large number of nuclear power plants across the globe. The higher beta and expected rate of return for equity reflect the higher operational risks associated with the nuclear plant and renewable energy options, and also higher gearing risks. The operational risks are included in the discount rates for different options. The beta of Power Up with the nuclear plant option is 1.5 as compared to the beta of 0.8 with the gas plant option. The cost of equity in the nuclear plant option at 20.8% is significantly more than the 12.8% for the gas plant option to reflect higher commissioning risks of a nuclear plant. The beta for renewable energy option is also higher than the gas power option because of delays faced in regulatory approvals in setting up a large scale renewable energy project. Partial increases in the equity returns of the nuclear and renewable energy options are due to increases in the gearing ratio. The return on equity increases with the increase in debt-equity ratio (Miller, 1988, p. 100). But the fact that nuclear option has a higher equity rate than the renewable energy even though it has lower gearing indicates that operational risks are included in the discount rate. Also the rates of debt for both nuclear and renewable power plants are higher than the gas power plant which reflects the higher bankruptcy fears due to high g earing (Brealey Myers, 2000, p. 482). The inclusion of different operational and financial risks in higher discounts rates means that there is no need to further increase the discount rates. The above capital appraisal of the three options is based on certain assumptions which should be verified before making a decision. First, the net present value of the gas power plant is highly dependent upon the gas prices in the future. The net present value calculation assumes that the gas prices will grow at the 3% rate of inflation. But gas supplies are limited because they are non-renewable. The growing demand of electricity and power across the world, especially from developing countries like China and India has increased oil prices in the recent years (Dolbeck, 2008, p. 1). It is also likely to impact gas prices. Hence it is important to check the likely gas prices over a long-term with well-established institutions that are focused on trekking and projecting oil and gas prices . Second, the weighted average cost of capital method assumes that the company is going to maintain same debt-to-equity ratio during the duration of the project (Massari et al., 2007, p. 153). It is most likely to change as the company generates profits and possibly invests in other projects. The future debt-to-equity ratios for the company should be checked with the finance department. If changes in the gearing ratio do happen over the period of the project then they should be reflected by using an appropriate capital appraisal method like the adjusted present value method. Third, a significant part of revenues is to be generated from licensing and ancillary activities. This needs to be analysed in view of the governments policies on climate change. The possibility of decline in gas power plant licensing and ancillary revenues in the medium to long-term future should be analysed and appropriate impact in terms of future cash flows should be built in the capital appraisal model. Fourth, the gearing ratio of the gas power plant option is half or lower than half of the gearing ratios of the nuclear and renewable energy options. Modigliani and Miller (1963, p. 434) showed that the value of a firm increases with increase in debt due to tax benefits of interest. Hence it would be useful to check with the corporate finance department of the company the reason behind the low gearing ratio for the gas option. Conclusion The capital appraisal methods – net present value, discounted payback period, accounting rate of return and internal rate of return – favour the gas power plant over the nuclear and renewable energy plants. But the calculations are based on certain assumptions which should be thoroughly vetted before finalising the option. Any changes in revenues and/or costs will have an impact on the results of the capital appraisal methods. Personal learning The exercise to evaluate three power plants has increased my personal knowledge in the field of corporate finance. The things learnt in this module and as well as things learnt previously were reinforced during the analysis of this case study. First, the cost of debt increases with the degree of gearing as lenders take more risk and debt assumes some of the characteristics of equity. At higher gearing levels, the lenders are exposed to more risk and have lower safety of margin. This is evident as the cost of debt in the renewable energy option is more than the cost of debt in the nuclear energy option due to higher gearing. The variation in the cost of debt across the three options is also in line with the Modigliani and Miller proposition II that states the cost of debt remains constant during the initial increases in gearing but then increases to reflect higher risks and bankruptcy costs (Brealey Myers, 2000, p. 482). The cost of debt increases from 9% in gas power plant at 30% gearing to 10% in nuclear power plant with 60% gearing, a 1% increase in cost of debt when gearing increases by 30%. But the cost of debt then increases to 11% as gearing changes to 65% in the renewable energy power plant, same absolute 1% increase in the cost of debt when gearing increases by only 5%. Second, the issue of new equity will result in dilution of earnings per share and would be a matter of concern for the management (Opler et al., 1997, pg. 21). This appears to be one of the reasons behind the higher gearing in both nuclear and renewable energy options as low gearing in these two options would result in issue of high amount of equity and significant dilution of earnings per share in the initial years of the investment. Third, the net present value calculations depend on a number of factors and it is important to research them. As in this case, changes in gas prices in the future may dramatically impact the net present value of the gas plant but not o f nuclear and renewable plants. Also, government regulations change over time and can impact values of a project. The focus on climate change may encourage the government to give more subsidies to renewable and nuclear plants in the future. This would put a gas power plant into disadvantage and the company may find it difficult to find buyers for its electricity. Hence such factors should also be taken into consideration before finalising an option. Bibliography and references Brealey, R. A. and Myers, S.C., 2000. Principles of Corporate Finance, 6th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. Brealey, R. A. and Myers, S.C., 2003. Capital Investment and Valuaion, McGraw-Hill Company. Chang, C.E. and Swales, G.S., 1999. A Pedagogical Note on Modified Internal Rate of Return. Financial Practice Education, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 132-137. Dolbeck, A., 2008. Valuation of the Oil and Natural Gas Industry. Weekly Corporate Growth Report, Issue 1473, pp. 1-12. Howe, K.M., 1992. Capital Budgeting Discount Rates Under Inflation: A Caveat. Financial Practice Education, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 31-35. Massari, M., Roncaglio, F. and Zanetti, L., 2007. On the Equivalence between the APV and the wacc Approach in a Growing Leveraged Firm. European Financial Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 152-162. McLaney, E., 2009. Business Finance: Theory and Practice. Pearson Education Limited, 8th edition. Miller, M.H., 1988. The Modigliani-Miller Propositions After Thirty Years. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 99-120. Modigliani, F. and Miller, M., 1963. Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital: a Correction. American Economic Review, Vol. 53, Issue 3, pp. 433-443. Opler, T.C., Saron, M. and Titman, S., 1997. Designing capital structure to create shareholder value. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Volume 10, Number 1, pp. 21-32.

Environmental Sociology Essay - 2377 Words

Development processes is connected with environmental degradation and use of natural resources. Rudel et al. (2011) assumes the present of two distinct waves of development power which control environment. The first wave of political economy deals with the power of capitalism as the main agent for environmental degradation, while the second wave concern with the social power (community) to control the use of natural resources. In this first wave scenario, the idea is that capitalism is a significant power for shaping the performance of environment. IPAT/STIRPAT Theory proposes that capitalism is the cause for environment degradation because --in combination with rapid population growth and affluence (prosperity)-- they altogether†¦show more content†¦(2011) provides examples of this theory by pointing the heavy industrial production in East Asia and former socialist countries after World War II. Principally, Treadmill Production Theory do not consider population and affluent as significant factor for environmental degradation, and put more emphasis on the issue of technology as the main contributor for the decrease of environmental quality. Both the IPAT/STIRPAT and Treadmill Production theories overlook the condition â€Å"behind the scene†, why the technology exists in the process of development. In other words, these theories do not consider the social actors which are responsible for the present of this technology. Indeed, the coercion of capital to exploit natural resources is possible only because it is supported by the conglomeration of powerful social actors behind it. According to Growth Machine Theories, syndication of vested interests (government, land owners, developers, real estate companies), which often claim themselves as â€Å"pro-growth† coalition, encourages local development through real estate business activities, while excluding the interest local population who previously occupy the sites for years (Rudel et al., 2011). Huge commercial farming scheme for the sake of development in rural areas is other typical of the oppression from outside of the local community which tries to stick the capital into certain local areas (). Since local community usually has no systematic organization to balanceShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Sociology And The Environmental Justice Movement1618 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental sociology began to emerge in conjunction with the environmen tal justice movement. Environmental sociology can be defined as the study of how human societies interact with their environment. 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A number of studies countering this point of view are being disseminated, potentially dismantling these postulations (Brechin 1999; FairbrotherRead MoreClimate Change And Sociology : Global Warming1253 Words   |  6 PagesClimate Change and Sociology Danielle Cluphf College of Western Idaho  Climate Change and Sociology Climate change known as global warming has been steadily increasing over time. Global warming is a catch phrase of social confusion. Society feels uncomfortable with this notion. Is it real or fake? Little do people know that human progression and population growth adds to carbon emissions in the atmosphere. The term greenhouse gasses mean H2o or water, Co2 or carbon dioxide, and N20 known as nitrous

Anderson/UCLA Admission Essay Example For Students

Anderson/UCLA Admission Essay With no money, no direction, and no goals, I graduated from high school in 1987 not knowing if I would ever be a man, if I would ever know what life means. Unable to afford college tuition, I worked odd jobs for a few months before deciding to join the United States Marine Corps. A scrappy kid who needed structure and support, I entered the Marines unprepared for the next thirteen weeks of extraordinary physical and mental challenges. Arriving at the recruit-training depot in Parris Island South Carolina on February 3,1988 not knowing what to expect, I watched my hair fall off my head, had vaccinations for every disease ever discovered, and learned to live with sixty other young men in close quarters. The days were long. I would wake up at 4 a. m. and work nonstop for 18 hours until I could collapse on my bed. Exposed to individuals from many different cultural and economic backgrounds, I learned the value of teamwork and the work ethic essential to leadership. When we first arrived on the island, my platoon was a jumbled mess of disobedient, out of shape, undisciplined boys. After three months of exhausting training we were molded into a group of highly motivated, physically fit men. On the proudest day of my life, I marched in the graduation parade to become a United States Marine. After being discharged from the United States Marine Corps, I became determined to attain an electrical engineering degree from Florida State University. I wisely invested in the GI Bill early on in my Marine Corps career in order to go to college. Although a substantial amount of money, the GI Bill only covered my tuition; to pay for food and rent, I took a full time job with the VA work-study program. In the beginning I had difficulty adjusting to working full time while maintaining a full coarse load, and I began to feel hindered by my years outside the classroom. However, determined to succeed, I learned to manage my time well, and I established good study habits, which have continued to the present. In the spring of 1997 I obtained a Bachelors degree in Electrical engineering, a full year ahead of schedule. I take pride in the fact that I am the first person in my family to obtain a college degree. I moved to Los Angeles after graduating from college and accepted a position at an aerospace company as a design engineer. Although I had multiple offers, I chose to work at my particular company to further my education. Putting in long hours at work while devoting most of my personal time to obtaining a Masters degree in electrical engineering, I felt like I was in college again with my full time job and academic responsibilities. To keep some sense of sanity and maintain good spirits, I decided to learn how to snowboard. Although at first snowboarding seemed a most impossible mission given the long drive to the resort and my inexperience with cold weather, I persevered and by the end of my first day could navigate my way down the mountain. I have since become an accomplished snowboarder, but nothing matches the exhilaration I felt at the end of that first day when I completed my first run without falling. Why have you decided to enter the Fully Employed MBA program? Why is it the appropriate time for you to begin? With the drive, determination, and discipline to both work at my career and attend an MBA program, I am excited to pursue a high quality MBA at UCLA. Interested in acquiring the skill set and technical knowledge necessary to become a hi-tech consultant, the UCLA program will prove central to my future success. As an engineering major in college, I developed excellent analytical skills and improved my problem-solving ability, but I never had the opportunity to take courses exploring business strategy, finance, or market forces. To realize my career goal, I clearly must enhance my abilities in these as well as other areas of business. .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 , .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .postImageUrl , .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 , .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:hover , .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:visited , .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:active { border:0!important; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:active , .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154 .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4d527eabdfbe2b545f73e428040e154:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Patience of Penelope EssayI believe that the management core at Anderson will provide me with the necessary knowledge to enhance and develop my capabilities. Also, in order to become a successful consultant, it is imperative that I gain a more thorough education in foreign markets, business technology, and competition. As a hi-tech consultant in the twenty-first century, the ability to understand business on a global scale will be highly prized. The International Field Study at Anderson would suit my needs well by allowing students to learn about business by working with foreign companies. Moreover, I look forward to interacting with the highly qualified, diverse students of the Anderson FEMBA program. With only 132 students forming numerous study groups, the program ensures the intimacy necessary to learn from each others varying perspectives and backgrounds. I know I could both contribute and grow in this unique environment where all students are fully employed. From my time as an officer in US Marine Corps and as an employee at a high-tech aerospace company, I have both developed strong team abilities and have seen the value and synergies of combining people with different backgrounds, knowledge, and experience levels. The dynamics created by these teams help produce the most innovative and creative ideas, whether in the Marines or an Anderson classroom. While I will never regret joining the Marine Corps, the five years I spent serving my country led me off the beaten path for achieving my career goals. Although I developed a strong work ethic and a goal-oriented nature, I have not followed the standard path. The FEMBA program will be the great equalizer, ensuring future employers that I have both the personal qualities and rigorous academic training necessary for success. By working full time and working on my masters degree in engineering from the University of Southern California, I have shown that I have what it takes to manage my work schedule while attending a prestigious institution. Now, I seek only the opportunity to prove this again by being admitted to the Fully Employed MBA program. AT UCLA, I will start my way down the path that will lead me to career success and fulfillment as a hi-tech consultant.

What Shapes Our Personality Traits free essay sample

Introduction to Personality The purpose of this paper is to define personality, examine the theoretical approaches in studying personality, and to analyze factors that may influence an individual’s personality development. According to Feist 2009, although there is no single definition of personality that is acceptable to all personality theorists; we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior. To better understand how traits and characteristics shape personality one must first understand the concept of traits and characteristics. Traits contribute to individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior across situations. Traits may be unique to an individual, common among certain groups, or shared by the entire species, but their pattern is different for each individual. We will write a custom essay sample on What Shapes Our Personality Traits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefor each individual may be like others in some ways but also have differences; the differences are what shape a unique personality for each individual. Characteristics are unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence (Feist, 2009). According to Feist 2009, personality theories differ on basic issues concerning the nature of humanity because each personality theory reflects its author’s assumptions about humanity. These assumptions rest on several broad dimensions that separate the various personality theorists, and have resulted in truly different personality theories, not merely differences in terminology. The six dimensions we use as a framework for viewing each theorist’s concept of humanity are determinism versus free choice, pessimism versus optimism, causality versus teleology, conscious versus unconscious determinants of behavior, biological versus social influences, and uniqueness versus similarities (Feist, 2009 p. 11-12). From these different concepts five theoretical approaches to studying, describing and explaining personality have been identified. The five theoretical approaches include the psychodynamic theories, humanistic theories, existential theories, dispositional (trait) theories, and learning theories. Psychodynamic theories began with the work an Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud, who first proposed the theory. According to Freud, personalities arise because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands to restrain these impulses. Carl Jung and Alfred Adler who were followers of Freud’s expanded on his theories which emphasize unconscious motives and desires, as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality (SparkNotes Editors, 2005). Humanistic theorist believed that one of the faults with the psychodynamic theory was that it did not consider the qualities that make humans unique among animals, such as striving for self-determination and self-realization. Humanistic theorists believe in an individual’s ability to think consciously and rationally, to control their biological urges, and to achieve their full potential. In the humanistic view, people are responsible for their lives and actions and have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behavior (SparkNotes Editors, 2005). Dispositional theories, also known as trait theories, define one’s personality through their personal traits and believe that there are five basic traits that each individual share and they refer to these as the big five. The big five includes neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The Big Five traits remain quite stable over the life span, particularly after the age of thirty. Unlike psychodynamic theorists, behaviorists study only observable behavior. Their explanations of personality focus on learning. Skinner, Bandura, and Walter Mischel all proposed important behaviorist theories. . References Feist, J. , Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. SparkNotes Editors. (2005). SparkNote on Personality. Retrieved August 2, 2011, from http://www. sparknotes. com/psychology/psych101/personality/

Structuralism vs. Functionalism

Structuralism vs. Functionalism Free Online Research Papers Both structuralism and functionalism are mentalisms; this means the mind is the subject of every study. They are different, however, in how the mind is viewed. This paper will compare and contrast the ideas and theories of structuralism and functionalism, and explore how, if at all, these theories are being practiced in psychology today. Structuralism vs. Functionalism Structuralism and functionalism explore the human mind; both are concerned with the conscious self, despite the verbal bashing of each side. While they had some similarities, they also had many differences which will be explored below Structuralism, the first major school of thought in psychology, was founded by Wilhelm Wundt. It is the study of the elements of consciousness, and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. â€Å"In Wudnt’s view, the mind had the power to organize mental elements voluntarily† (Schultz, D.P. Schultz, S.E., 2008, p.122). In order to do this structuralism relied on a method called introspection. Introspection, however, had a principle flaw and was one basic reason that structuralism completely died in psychology upon Wundt’s death (Psychology World, 2006). The subject agreement and reliability of structuralism was not consistent with mainstream views of experimental psychologists today (Psychology World, 2006). It maintained that a â€Å"conscious experience must be described in its most basic terms,† (Psychology World, 2006). Structuralism was also later criticized, mainly by behaviorists, claiming that the theory dealt primarily with internal behavior. It was argued that this was a non-observable element of consciousness which could not be measured accurately. Functionalism formed as a reaction to structuralism; it was influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalism is concerned with how the mind functions, and therefore also used the method of introspection. â€Å"Functionalists studied the mind not from the standpoint of its composition-its mental elements of structure-but rather as a conglomerate or accumulation of functions and processes that lead to practical consequences in the real world† (Schultz, D.P. Schultz, S.E., 2008, p.145). Functionalism emphasized individual differences, which had a great impact on education. John Dewey went on to use the theories of functionalism to determine that children should learn at the level appropriate for which they are developmentally prepared. However, just as structuralism had its disbelievers, so did functionalism. The term function was used loosely. It can refer to both how the mental process operates, and how the mental process functions in the evolution of species (Oxford Companion, 2006). Because it lacked a clear definition, it was subjected to the same problematic aspects of structuralism. This is when behaviorism was introduced. â€Å"Behaviorism dealt solely with observable behavioral acts that could be described in objective terms† (Schultz, D.P. Schultz, S.E., 2008, p.520). Theoretically, structuralism and functionalism had similarities. The most obvious similarity is that they both took interest in the mental process; after all functionalism was only formed as a reaction to the flaws of structuralism. Further, both used introspection as a method to explore their ideas. Lastly, both structuralism and functionalism had a desire for psychology to become scientific. While there were some comparisons in these two schools of thoughts, there were definitely more differences in the two. As mentioned earlier, functionalism developed, to a certain degree, as a reaction against structuralism. It was thought that psychological processes would be best understood in terms of their function rather than their structure. In other words, structuralism asked what happens when an organism does something, and functionalism asked how and why. Functionalism drew on evolutionary theory rather than modeling psychological processes on the combination of mental elements. Breaking away from functionalism, behaviorism dealt with observable behavior as a result of environmental stimuli. This was in contrast to focusing on the internal mental process which rejected introspection and called for a more scientific method. Structuralism did not withstand the test of time and soon faded out despite an intensive program of research which relied on the contemplation of one’s own thoughts, desires, and conduct. The experimental methods used in structuralism would not hold up to today’s standards; the experiments were too subjective and the results were therefore unreliable. Functionalism emphasized the function, or purposes, of behavior as opposed to its analysis and description, and soon disappeared as a separate school because it lacked the kind of exactness needed to facilitate its theory. Despite its disappearance as a separate school of psychology â€Å"functionalism never really died, it became part of the mainstream psychology† (Oxford Companion, 2006). The importance of looking at process rather than structure is a common attribute of modern psychology. As an individual approach it lacked a clear formulation and inherited problems from the structuralist reliance on intro spection, however the theory of functionalism is still around today. This writer believes that structuralism is important because it was the first major school of thought in psychology and because it influenced experimental psychology. However, other than the effect it has had on the history of psychology it has no place in modern psychology. Functionalism has had a great impact of modern psychology. As she will become a teacher soon, this writer cannot help but be grateful for the impact functionalism had on the educational system. The writer also feels that all functionalism is the underlying component of psychology; the purpose of the consciousness and behavior is applied to all areas of psychological study. Oxford Companion to the Mind. (2006). William James and Functionalism. Retrieved October 7, 2006 at psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs/PsychHistory/Cards/James.html Psychology World. (2006). Structuralism. Retrieved October 7, 2006 at http://web.umr.edu/~psyworld/structuralism.htm#1 Schultz, D.P. Schultz, S.E. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (9th ed.). California: Thomas Wadsworth. Research Papers on Structuralism vs. FunctionalismThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoOpen Architechture a white paperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males Structuralism vs. Functionalism Free Online Research Papers Structuralism was formed out of the necessity to distinguish psychology as a science separate of philosophy and/or biology. Functionalism came out of opposition to the basic premises of structuralism. Major differences among functionalism and structuralism are in the ideas of how the mind is organized. Functionalism viewed the mind by how it functioned rather than how it was structured (Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E., 2008). Structuralism looked at mental processes through analysis and description and functionalism through behavior (i.e., how and why people behaved). Functionalism explored how the mind changed based on experiences and environment. The basic premise of functionalism is still seen in modern psychology. Darwin a major theorist in functionalism introduced the idea of, â€Å"Evolution†. He proved that the mind evolved/s over time (Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E., 2008). Darwin focused on, â€Å"Animal psychology to form a basis comparison, placed emphas is on functions rather than the structure of consciousness, accepted methodology and data from many fields, and focused on description and measurements of individual differences (Schultz, D. P., Schultz, S. E., 2008 p. 155).† A significant portion of the initial premises Darwin established are in practice in modern psychology through the theories that emerged following functionalism. Research Papers on Structuralism vs. FunctionalismThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoLifes What IfsInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtThe Project Managment Office SystemGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Tattoos in Greece and Rome Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tattoos in Greece and Rome - Term Paper Example Pictures of people who have their noses marked on both sides with the four tattooed historical lines were found on the Aveyron’s and Tarn’s prehistoric stones in France. â€Å"Drawings and figurines discovered in a Thracian burial mound near Philippopolis may depict tattooed people, but considering the complexity of the decorations it is more likely that these represent body painting or finely worked figurines† (Tattoo Temple, n.d.). People in Greece and Rome added their own cultural touches as they inherited the art of tattooing, thus taking it to the next level. Archeologists have readily found tattooed mummies from various parts of the world which suggests how common a practice it has been for a long time in history. Tattoos today are an insignia of fashion and style. The contemporary society has endorsed tattoos as a means of styling. The trend of under-skin inking has been around for thousands of years. This paper discusses the history of tattoos in ancient Greece and Rome. The history of tattooing in Europe commences with the ancient historians of Greek and Roman origin. The Greeks inherited the art of tattooing from the Persians, while the Romans gained it from the Greeks. In the early Greek time followed by the early Roman time, tattooing was a practice linked with the barbarians. According to Herodotus, tattoos were voluntarily associated by the Greeks with the barbarians, including the Thracian women known as the Maenads who assassinated Orpheus because of his homosexual concerns with their husbands. â€Å"Herodotus was the first to use the root â€Å"stig† as in the pejorative â€Å"stigma† to refer to tattoos as a mark (estichthai) or a â€Å"pricking†Ã¢â‚¬  (Random History, 2008). In the ancient times, tattooing was used as a tool to differentiate between the criminals and/or the slaves and the rest of the people of the society. Prisoners and slaves were tattooed the name of Xerxes. Occasionally, tattoos were also used to send secret messages across the lines of enemies. Criminals and slaves were tattooed so that they would have an irremovable mark on their skin to help others identify them as such. This was done intentionally to discourage the criminals and slaves from running away as attempts to escape were common among the two. Later, the Romans used tattoos to pick out deserters as the Roman army was chiefly composed of the mercenaries. The use of tattoos by the early Greek and Romans suggests that their chief use was punishment as has been mentioned by various authors of the Greek and the Roman origin. Tattoos have been discussed in a punitive sense by such Greek authors as Aristophanes, Xenophon, Herodus, Aeschines and Aelius Aristides (Jones, 2000). Plato was of the opinion that a temple robber should be tattooed on the forehead and the hands to have a trace of the offense while Bion of Borysthenes said that his father’s face was more of a document because of intense tattooing because o f his status of a slave. The process of tattooing has been recorded by the ancient Roman authors. Aetius is one such Roman physician who described the process of applying and removing a tattoo along with the formula for making the tattoo ink in his famous book; Medicae artis principles. At one point, Plato expressed the opinion that tattoos should be placed on people found guilty of sacrilege and thus, they should be expelled from the Republic. Likewise, â€Å"Suetone, a early writer reports that the degenerate and sadistic Roman Emperor, Caligula, amused himself by capriciously ordering

Human resource management and career management Dissertation

Human resource management and career management - Dissertation Example Since the beginning until today, human race has been able to ensure continuous progression in every aspect of the society from education to business, and from art to medicine.In such developments,business has remained an imperative component of every society;however,expertshave indicated that until few decades ago, business were only a meant of making profits, and employees were only instruments of ensuring that profit in the business. In other words, there was no difference between humans and animals and both were tools of carrying out work for the employers. However, in recent years, there has been noteworthy alteration in the process of business (Harris et al., pp. 56-60, 2003), and one can observe significant changes especially after the introduction of human resource management that has now become an imperative component of every business organization around the globe. Analysis of the literature (Hendry, pp. 20-22, 1995; Armstrong, pp. 71-78, 2006) has indicated that today in th e era of information and technology and in midst of thousands of qualified individuals lurking to acquire a job, career management has come up as a new aspect. It specifically involves provision of opportunities to individuals to explore their career possibilities, development of their career objectives, and provision of strategies to acquire their career. Experts (Miner, pp. 63-68, 2007) now believe that in the era of economic recession and increment in the unemployment, it has now become important for both career management and human resource management to integrate them, in order to ensure effectiveness at both workplaces, as well as in the marketplace (Ulrich, pp. 23-26, 1997). In the result, it is now a premise of this paper that human resource management should or even must be a component of career management in the future as such step will ease the process of recruitment, selection, and development of employees in the workplace. Additionally, it will allow the employers, as w ell as employees to acquire their targets easily in the marketplace. In order to understand the significance of making HRM a component of career management, the paper will now attempt to understand different current roles of HRM. Particularly, HRM is one of the tactical components (Lumsden et al., pp. 46-55, 2009) within a business entity, which ensures efficient handling of existing, as well as potential labor force. In particular, the major responsibility of HRM is to employ human workforce and make sure that they work in accordance with the identified goals and objectives of the organization, which HRM does by ensuring timely provision of all the required resources essential for such fulfillment. Experts (Briscoe & Schuler, pp. 50-54, 2004) have noticed that nowadays, HRM is also involved in dealing with factors, such as advantages, remuneration, efficiency of workers, productivity of employees, and most importantly, effective communication between employees and employers in the organization. From this brief understanding of the role of HRM, it seems that HRM can be very beneficial in ensuring effective implementation of career management. Unfortunately, nowadays, career has become a synonymous term to job, which is completely inappropriate and inaccurate. Particularly, career is a sequence of jobs, and job is a term that refers to a work that an individual takes to complete it (Grimshaw, pp. 20-25, 2009). In this regard, HRM should be a part of career management, as it can support the later to enable employees to manage their career in the most effective manner rather than sticking to a single job while changing different organizations, and considering it career management. Fortunately, nowadays, a huge number of business organizations are taking their workforce as basic pillars for the success of their organization (Mabey et al., pp. 25-30, 1998). In the result, employers are these days putting efforts to provide

Gospel Parallels Essay Example for Free

Gospel Parallels Essay This is a research report of what I read and studied among the two paragraphs in Throckmorton’s Gospel Parallels: Paragraph 6, â€Å"The Baptism of Jesus,† and Paragraph 249, â€Å"The Crucifixion.† This report will note where the parallel Gospels differ and where they are similar. Additionally, you will find interpretations by me of the text critical notes and then I’ll decide which reading is the better one. The Beatitudes â€Å"Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven† (Matthew 5:3). The Beatitudes are a group of sayings by Jesus that began with the words, â€Å"Blessed are,† and went on to identify who was blessed and why. It then finished with an exhortation. In this first case, the â€Å"poor in spirit† are those who are blessed because they will receive the kingdom of Heaven. The Beatitudes can only be found in Matthew and Luke, and while they have many similarities, there are also differences. These help us to discover things about the sources used, as well as the intention of the author. First of all, one must note that Mark was not used as a source, since the Beatitudes are not found in Mark, yet Matthew and Luke still have many exact or common phrases. The similarities point to a common source, which we will call â€Å"Q.† However, Matthew and Luke show many differences as well, meaning that they did not simply use source â€Å"Q.† Matthew and Luke each inserted some sort of oral or written tradition before writing their own text. Many of the blessings stated in the texts are parallel between the two gospels. They both talk about the poor as well as the kingdom of Heaven. They talk about those who are hungry and how they will be filled. They also talk about those who are hated on account of Jesus. Finally, they end with a command to rejoice, for those persecuted will have a great reward in Heaven since the same kind of persecution was done to the prophets. At the same time, however, Matthew and Luke clearly have different objectives or opinions regarding the text. In Matthew, the â€Å"poor† are the â€Å"poor in spirit,† while in Luke they are simply â€Å"poor.† Similarly, when talking about the hungry, Matthew is referring to those who are spiritually hungry while Luke talks about those who are physically hungry. Also, Matthews list of Beatitudes is much longer and includes talking about those who are merciful, pure in heart, the peacemaker, and those who are persecuted. Luke leaves these out entirely, probably because Luke was focusing more on the physical well-being of people. What is the reason for these differences? There seems to be an overarching theme that is carried out within both of these books. Matthew focuses on the divinity and suffering/rejection of Jesus. This then shows up within the Beatitudes as Matthew focuses on the spirituality rather than physicality of the believers (poor in spirit verses simply poor), in the same way that he focuses on the divinity rather than physicality of Jesus. In addition, Jesus is portrayed as one who is rejected, which is also a common theme as Matthew talks about the rejection of the believers and how they will be given the kingdom of Heaven. So, just as Jesus is rejected in Matthew, so will the believers be rejected. Furthermore, it can be seen that Matthew is talking to an audience that wants to incorporate all believers, not just Jews. Matthew very carefully points out that Jesus says, â€Å"Blessed are those,† â€Å"Blessed are they,† â€Å"Blessed are the,† which implies that Jesus is not talking to just those who were gathered at the time before Him (in contrast â€Å"Blessed are you†). Jesus means that anyone is blessed when they do these things. In Luke, the Beatitudes are focused more on those who are in need, a familiar theme throughout Luke. Here, Jesus is portrayed as one who is concerned for the poor, the marginalized, women, etc. Luke clearly points out in his Beatitudes that Jesus is concerned with those who are in need and gives them hope for the future, that they will be filled, receive the kingdom of Heaven, have reason to leap for joy, etc. This comes just two chapters after Jesus mission statement from Isaiah 61 as He proclaims that He has been anointed to preach good news to the poor. While Luke also wants to incorporate the gentiles into his audience, he does have Jesus saying, â€Å"Blessed are you,† while speaking to the Jewish crowd that had gathered around Him. This is no surprise since Luke wants to undertake a more concise and put-together account of Jesus ministry. It seems that he thinks it more likely that Jesus would have addressed his audience directly. It does, however, deviate in the last line as Jesus says â€Å"for that is what their ancestors did to the prophets† rather than â€Å"for that is what your ancestors. . .† This could perhaps be an argument for Lukes idea of the universality of the church. Both of these accounts provide glimpses into Jesus ministry and the heart or direction of the author, and though both contain varying accounts, it seems all the more credible since they were written to a certain audience at a certain time.

Sport Psychology: Mental training Essay -- essays research papers

Sports Psychology: A Relationship Between Mental Training and Sport Performance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Dodson (1995) quotes Dr. Richard Coop, and says that he refers to sports psychology as â€Å"just mere helping people to clear away the mental clutter that keeps them from achieving their best† (p. 1). Dodson admits that as a golfer he has tried to break eighty strokes in golf, but did not succeed until he got help from a well-known sports psychologist. Before meeting his mental coach, Dodson tried to improve his game by buying expensive equipment such as oversized irons, gizmos, and lucky charms, but none of these worked. Once he started working with Dr. Richard Coop, he began to liberate his mind from its usual patterns and after a period of mental exercising, Dodson finally broke 80. â€Å"Dr. Coop emphasizes that golf is very much a brain game. The mind is a tool like any other skill a player possesses. But it’s often the tool most of us neglect to develop† (Dodson, 1995). Once the mind is in peace, our performance progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rebecca Lewthwaite (1990) points out that an individual’s motivation has a strong impact on physical performance ... therefore, â€Å"the process of mental training is the result of the meaning that the individual derives from situations, which arise from personal factors such as goals and perceptions of competency† (p. 1). Usually the performance of an individual is due to their motivation. More often than not, people tend to train with their mind unconsciously by visualizing improvement in their performance or visualizing the achievement of a goal or goals. Some athletes put the physical work in, but they also forget to work their mind. Body and mind have to come together to form a whole. Once the role of the mind and the physical aspect of the body have been mastered the performance of the individual will improve (Changing Times, 1986).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the most interesting events and actions in sports are associated with the athletes’ will to engage in them. For example, Butt (1976) notes that, â€Å"Two people engaged in the same sports activity may behave in a similar fashion overtly, but each may react differently under the stress of winning or losing and may express different feelings when talking about his/her participation in sports† (p. 1). Such is the case of Keith Forman wh... ...2001, from Infotrac database. Dodson, J. (1995). The brain game. Golf Magazine, 37, (5), 20-23. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database. Galloway, J. (1998). Worryfree racing: seven tips to avoiding pre-race anxiety. Runner’s World, 33, (6), 42. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database. Hinkle, J. S. (1994). Integrating sport psychology and sports counseling: developmental programming, education, and research. Journal of Sports Behavior, 17, (1), 52-58. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database. LeUnes, A. D., & Nation, J. R. (1989). Introduction to sport psychology. Sport Psychology: an Introduction. Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers. Lewthwaite, R. (1990). Motivational considerations in physical activity involvement. Physical Therapy, 70, (12), 808-812. Retrieved from Infotrac database. Lynch, J. (1994). Think like a champion. Runner’s World, 29, (8), 50-56. Retrieved from Infotrac database. Lynch, J. (1996). Mind over miles. Runner’s World, 31, (6), 88-93. Retrieved from Infotrac database. Rosellini, L. (1987). In my mind I know I’m going to be a star. U.S. News & World Report, 102, (2), 58. Retrieved October 12, 2001, from Infotrac database.

Three Varieties of Knowledge- a Critque

Donald Davidson- Three Varieties of Knowledge Submitted By: Nathan Copeland- 500349268 Submitted to: Prof. Checkland PHL550 April 15, 2013 In Donald Davidsons Three Varieties of Knowledge, he sets out to more or less prove that â€Å"A community of minds is the basis of knowledge; it provides the measure of all things. † (Davidson, 218). This is done by first categorizing knowledge into three distinct categories. There is knowledge of ones own mind, knowledge of another’s mind, and knowledge of the shared physical world around us. He argues that no one could exist without the others.According to Davidson, knowledge of ones own mind differs from the other two types of knowledge in the sense that one knows the contents of their own mind without any study or evidence in most cases. On the other hand, the minds of others and the physical world may only be interpreted through the senses, at least initially. He also notes that certain aspects of our physical world can be inte rpreted almost instantaneously, our example being distinguishing colours, while many aspects of another’s mind contents are done through physical observation of actions and words, which we then reconcile with our own knowledge to make inferences.This makes the latter two types of knowledge open to a degree of uncertainty that is rarely experienced in matters of your own mind. He also acknowledges the asymmetry that is apparent between coming about knowledge of our own minds and knowledge of other minds. They are both minds, yet we come to understand our own in a very unique way. He criticizes the solution that the actions and behavior or others is sufficient for inferring certain mental states to others, but those same actions and behaviours carried out by our selves are irrelevant when we attempt to describe ourselves.An issue being- If both types of knowledge come about so differently, how can we believe that others mental states are comparable to our own. He sets out to pa int a picture that includes all three types of knowledge, and shows how they are related in hopes of solving these issues. Davidson claims that â€Å"what we could not do is get along without a way of expressing, and thus communicating, our thoughts about the natural world† (Davidson, pg. 208). He also proposes that in order for a creature to have a belief, they must also posses the idea of objective truths.He then draws on Wittgenstien to say that â€Å"the source of the concept of objective truth is interpersonal communication† (Davidson, pg. 209). This is based on the assumption that thought cannot exist without language. Davidson argues that without the distinction between objective truth and what one thinks to be the case, there is no thought at all, and since there cannot be objective truth without the confirmation on the correct use of words through communicating, there cannot be thought without communicating, in his example language.It is argued that in order f or communication to work, the speaker and interpreter must share an understanding of what is meant by what is being said. Davidson then uses an example of how one would go about learning a new language to illustrate how we come about having an understanding of the words we use. In this case, we assign words and sentences we know in our native tongue to the utterances and actions made by a foreign speaker. With trial and error we come to understand what is meant by these utterances and how they relate to ‘reality’.This process of connecting ones own thoughts with the thoughts of another through some aspect of the external world is regarded by Davidson as triangulation. â€Å"it takes two points of view to give a location to the cause of a thought, and thus define its content† (Davidson, pg. 213). He believes this to be the only way that one can know another’s mind or the external world, making the two mutually dependent. He points out that there is the limi tation of perception at play here, with no way to look in from outside the standard to see if its write, but we may consult a third and forth party and so on to lessen the chance of an error being made. Davidson, pg. 217) Davidson then goes on to say that â€Å"knowledge of the propositional contents of our own minds is not possible without the other forms of knowledge, since there is no propositional thought without communication† (Davidson, pg. 213). Furthermore, knowledge of others cannot be inferred unless we have knowledge of ourselves, as the process of coming to know another’s mind is done by matching evidence from others behaviour to our knowledge of our own, thus showing that knowledge of our own minds and others is also mutually dependent.He acknowledges that there are a great deal of possible ways that we could assign our native language to the language and behavior of another to come about an understanding. He relates this to the measurement of weight in th e sense that no matter what system you use for measurement; kilograms, pounds ounces, etc. , the invariable factor, in this case the actual weight of the object, is the fact of the matter, not the arbitrary units of measure. His point is that there will likely always be indeterminacy in our translations, but we will often get the general idea.He also believes that there are no strict laws that connect mental states with physical ones, stating that such laws can exist â€Å"only when concepts connected by the laws are based on criteria of the same sort† (Davidson, pg. 215). This all leads to the fact that we will never be able to agree on how sentences and thoughts should be structured to describe other sentences or thoughts, as the very process of discussing how we would do this is ultimately done with the very thoughts were discussing, leaving it perpetually open to interpretation.As such â€Å"A community of minds is the basis of knowledge; it is the measure of all things. It makes no sense to question the adequacy of this measure, or to seek a more ultimate standard. † (Davidson, pg. 218). Analysis I agree with the general idea of what Davidson is saying, with a few exceptions. I would agree that ‘advanced’ knowledge can only come about with the all three types of evidence, but I also believe that basic knowledge can be acquired by just a person and the observable world. Suppose I live in a world with no other living creatures.I have no formal language. If I walk across a bed of sharp rocks, my nervous system will say â€Å"ouch†, and it wont take long to figure out that sharp rocks hurt my feet. I am aware of this with no need to confirm with another. I am also in contention with the idea that â€Å"language is essential to thought† (Davidson, pg. 209). My dog ‘thinks’ its going for a walk every time I put my boots on. I suppose that may be considered language, or some may argue that my dogs actions hav e no thought, but it seems to me that to make such a claim demands more evidence.I also had an issue with the claim that â€Å"enough in the framework and fabric of our beliefs must be true to give content to the rest† (Davidson, pg. 214). Although I agree that ‘enough’ of our beliefs are true, I don’t see this as a necessary condition. What if everything we think is wrong, or we’re a brain in a vat. The claim is overly definitive for my liking. Going back to my ‘only creature’ idea, I find the statement â€Å"there is no propositional thought without communication† (Davidson, pg. 213). Perhaps on this lonely planet I have a rock, which I am in love with.I may possess the thought, as primitive as it may be, that I love this rock. We don’t communicate, but the thought remains. This may be argued as a feeling, not a thought, but I’m not sure I know the difference. Finally, I have another idea that is in opposition to Davidsons claims, although I’m not sure if I believe it myself. He seems to think there are three distinct categories of knowledge, with knowledge of ones self coming mostly from inside, and knowledge of the world and others minds coming indirectly.My idea is this; all of the thoughts, behaviors, desires etc. , of any living creature is merely a manifestation of very complex processes happening in our brains. Our brains are chemicals and axons and neurons and much more that we are not 100% about. I’m proposing that theoretically, if we can observe the brain all the way down to each and every atom, we could see how your brain looks for any given idea, memory, feeling, and document the physical state relating to each and every instance.The only difference between the three states is how we go about knowing them, and with this theory we could even come to know our own minds without having to think internally about how we feel, but by merely observing our brains. Tying thi s back to my ‘alone in the world’ scenario, if I had the capability to observe my own brains inner workings while feeling the mental manifestations of such neurological reactions, I could correlate the pictures with feelings the ame way we correlate others words with objects in the world. If I became well enough versed at this, I could then look at the brain of someone else whom I’ve never seen, and come to know their mind as well. This theory is in contradiction with Davidson’s statement that there are no strict laws that connect mental states to physical ones, but even he acknowledges that this topic â€Å"has understandably been found inconclusive by critics† (Davidson, pg. 216), myself included.

Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown - 1975 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne, is the author of the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† that was written in 1835 (Baym 370). Hawthorne was born in Salem Massachusetts on July 4th, 1804. Hawthorne’s ancestors were of the Puritan descent, and among the first settlers of Massachusetts (Baym 370). During his teen years, Hawthorne was reading stories by British novelists Henry Fielding, Tobias Smollet, and Sir Walter Scott. When he was sixteen he wrote his sister of wanting to become an author and relying of support upon his pen (Baym 370). Hawthorne went to college at Bowdoin and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne read colonial histories and documents extensively which would become important sources for his historical tales â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineaux† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† (Baym 370). The short story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† opens up in a house in Salem Village, where Goodman Brown and his wife Faith live. Goodman Brown needs to go on journey i nto the forest and must face challenges that will become more and more difficult. These challenges will change the way Goodman Brown views everything and everyone (Hawthorne 386-395). Article Analysis â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† contains an assortment of imagery and emphasis on religion. The article â€Å"Carnivalesque Freedom in Hawthorne s ‘Young Goodman Brown’ † talks about the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† The article was published in 2007 in Explicator journal, and was written by author Selina S. Jamil. Selina wrote this article to show the imageryShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown905 Words   |  4 PagesThough Nathaniel Hawthorne is an author of many great works, his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† still stays relevant because it has themes and subjects that are relatable in today s world. In the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Good man Brown leaves his wife Faith, to go into the woods near Salem to have a meeting with the devil. Appearance vs. reality is shown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† through the plot, the character of Goody Cloyse, and the symbol of the maple staff. The characterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although ever yone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how Hawthorne uses FaithRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown2532 Words   |  11 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† demonstrates how Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to do an errand within the woods with a man that is believed to be the devil. During the time period in which this took place, the 1620’s, many of the people from the village were practicing Puritanism. Puritanism is an intense practice of religion retrieved from Protestants, only removing its Catholic influence. When Goodman Brown entered the woods to meet the devil, he soon turned intoRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesread. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his wife Faith, but he feels that it s his role to